Cancer is the condition in which there is an abnormal growth of cells that is coupled with malignant behavior relative to metastasis and invasion. Environmental factors along with genetic susceptibility contribute to genetic mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Such combined action gives rise to cancer. Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment, which uses chemotherapeutic agents or anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer. It may also be performed for the reduction of symptoms. It comprises of intracellular poisons that inhibit cell division and extracellular signals. Some of the side effects of chemotherapy are the damage to healthy cells of the body, myelosuppression, mucositis and alopecia. This book presents the complex subject of chemotherapy in the most comprehensible language. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on cancer treatment have been included in this book. It will be a valuable resource for medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, residents and students alike.