Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*-izna

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-eināˀ < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

*-ina f

Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance.
*drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)

*rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)
Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes.
*dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)

*dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)
(by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives.
*berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)

*zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)
Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result.
*bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)

*blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)

*jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)

*novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)

*bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)

*tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)

*glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)

*čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)
Denominal, miscellaneous uses.
*dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)

*govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)

*agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)

*bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)
Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation.
*golva (“head”) → *golvina

*lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina

*konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina

*godъ → *godina (“the right time”)
Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns.
*gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)

*brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)

Declension

Declension of *-ina (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ina	*-ině	*-iny
genitive	*-iny	*-inu	*-inъ
dative	*-ině	*-inama	*-inamъ
accusative	*-inǫ	*-ině	*-iny
instrumental	-inojǫ, -inǫ^**	*-inama	*-inami
locative	*-ině	*-inu	-inasъ, -inaxъ^*
vocative	*-ino	*-ině	*-iny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References