Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁es-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Indo-European copula

Wikipedia

Etymology

Probably related to *h₁eh₁s- (“to sit”).

Root

*h₁es- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to be

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- (54 c, 0 e)

Derived terms

*h₁és-ti ~ *h₁s-énti (athematic root present)^[1]
*h₁s-sḱé-ti^[2]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Palaic: [script needed] (iska, 2sg.impv.)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Epic Greek: ἔσκε (éske, 3sg.impf.)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Old Latin: escit (3sg.fut.)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: skente (3pl.)^[4]
*h₁s-ónt-s (active participle)
*h₁és-u-s ~ *h₁s-éw-s (or only created in Proto-Indo-Iranian)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hásuš
(perhaps) *h₁su-
(perhaps) *h₁s-dʰló-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἐσθλός (esthlós)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Has-

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*h₁es-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 241-242
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 235-238
^ Malzahn, Melanie (2010) The Tocharian Verbal System, Leiden: Brill, page 691

[Ringe_2006-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*h₁es-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 241-242

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 235-238

[4] Malzahn, Melanie (2010) The Tocharian Verbal System, Leiden: Brill, page 691

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