-ина

See also: -иња and Appendix:Variations of "ina"

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈina]

Suffix

-ина • (-ina)

Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun.
‎ѕид m (dzid) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎ѕидина f (dzidina)

‎без (bez, “without”) + ‎ветер m (veter, “wind”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎безветрина f (bezvetrina, “windlessness”)

‎густ (gust, “thick, dense”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎густина f (gustina, “density”)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -ина

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

-ина: IPA^(key): [ʲɪnə]
-и́на: IPA^(key): [ˈʲinə]

Suffix

-ина or -и́на • (-ina or -ína)

suffix appended to nouns to form concrete nouns having the quality of the original noun
‎верх (verx, “top, upper part”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎верши́на (veršína, “peak, summit”)
-age; suffix appended to verbs to form a noun denoting a result
‎проби́ть (probítʹ, “to break through, to pierce”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎пробо́ина (probóina, “hole, breach”)
suffix appended to mass nouns to form a noun denoting an individual item
‎горо́х (goróx, “peas, pease”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎горо́шина (goróšina, “a pea”)

‎же́мчуг (žémčug, “pearl (as a material), pearls”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎жемчу́жина (žemčúžina, “a pearl”)
suffix appended to nouns or adjectives to form a noun denoting a kind of meat
‎бара́н (barán, “ram, sheep”) + ‎-ина (-ina) → ‎бара́нина (baránina, “mutton, lamb”)

‎свинья́ (svinʹjá, “pig, hog”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎свини́на (svinína, “pork”)
suffix forming an augmentative, usually informal
‎дом (dom, “house”) + ‎-и́на (-ína) → ‎доми́на (domína, “huge house”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ина, -и́на (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ина, -и́на -ina, -ína	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny
genitive	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny	-ин, -и́н -in, -ín
dative	-ине, -и́не -ine, -íne	-инам, -и́нам -inam, -ínam
accusative	-ину, -и́ну -inu, -ínu	-ины, -и́ны -iny, -íny
instrumental	-иной, -иною, -и́ной, -и́ною -inoj, -inoju, -ínoj, -ínoju	-инами, -и́нами -inami, -ínami
prepositional	-ине, -и́не -ine, -íne	-инах, -и́нах -inax, -ínax

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ина

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʲɪˈna]

Suffix

-ина́ • (-iná)

-ness, -th; suffix appended to adjectives to form a (usually abstract) noun denoting a state or quality
‎глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎глубина́ (glubiná, “depth”)

‎то́лстый (tólstyj, “thick, fat”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎толщина́ (tolščiná, “thickness”)

‎це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”) + ‎-ина́ (-iná) → ‎целина́ (celiná, “virgin land, unbroken expanse”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ина́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ина́ -iná	-ины́ -iný
genitive	-ины́ -iný	-и́н -ín
dative	-ине́ -iné	-ина́м -inám
accusative	-ину́ -inú	-ины́ -iný
instrumental	-ино́й, -ино́ю -inój, -inóju	-ина́ми -inámi
prepositional	-ине́ -iné	-ина́х -ináx

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ина

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Suffix

-ина (Latin spelling -ina)

Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting salary, tax or fee.
Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an object or kind of meat
Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative connotation .

Declension

Declension of *-ина*
	singular	plural
nominative	-ина	-ине
genitive	-ине	-ина
dative	-ини	-инама
accusative	-ину	-ине
vocative	-ино	-ине
locative	-ини	-инама
instrumental	-ином	-инама

Derived terms

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

-їна (-jina) (used for endings in -й)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina f.

Pronunciation

-ина: IPA^(key): [ enɐ]
-и́на: IPA^(key): [ ˈɪnɐ]

Suffix

-ина or -и́на • (-yna or -ýna) f

suffix appended to nouns to form concrete nouns having the quality of the original noun
‎верх (verx, “top, upper part”) + ‎-и́на (-ýna) → ‎верши́на (veršýna, “peak, summit”)
-age; suffix appended to verbs to form a noun denoting a result
‎проби́ти (probýty, “to break through, to pierce”) + ‎-ина (-yna) → ‎пробоїна (probojina, “hole, breach”)
suffix appended to mass nouns to form a noun denoting an individual item
‎пе́рли (pérly, “pearl (as a material), pearls”) + ‎-ина (-yna) → ‎перли́на (perlýna, “a pearl”)
suffix appended to nouns or adjectives to form a noun denoting a kind of meat
‎бара́н (barán, “ram, sheep”) + ‎-ина (-yna) → ‎бара́нина (barányna, “mutton, lamb”)
Forms names of geographical locations:
Country or state names:
Німеччина (Nimeččyna, “Germany”)
suffix forming an augmentative, usually informal
‎бігання (bihannja, “running”) + ‎-и́на (-ýna) → ‎бігани́на (bihanýna, “huge running”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of *-́и́на*
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)
	singular	plural
nominative	-́и́на -́ýna	-́и́ни -́ýny
genitive	-́и́ни -́ýny	-́и́н -́ýn
dative	-́и́ні -́ýni	-́и́нам -́ýnam
accusative	-́и́ну -́ýnu	-́и́ни -́ýny
instrumental	-́и́ною -́ýnoju	-́и́нами -́ýnamy
locative	-́и́ні -́ýni	-́и́нах -́ýnax
vocative	-́и́но -́ýno	-́и́ни -́ýny

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ eˈna]

Suffix

-ина́ • (-yná) f

-ness, -th; suffix appended to adjectives to form a (usually abstract) noun denoting a state or quality
‎глибо́кий (hlybókyj, “deep”) + ‎-ина́ (-yná) → ‎глибина́ (hlybyná, “depth”)

‎то́встий (tóvstyj, “thick, fat”) + ‎-ина́ (-yná) → ‎товщина́ (tovščyná, “thickness”)

‎цілий (cilyj, “whole, intact”) + ‎-ина́ (-yná) → ‎цілина́ (cilyná, “virgin land, unbroken expanse”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of final velar consonants.

Declension

Declension of *-ина́*
(inan hard fem-form accent-d)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ина́ -yná	-и́ни -ýny
genitive	-ини́ -yný	-и́н -ýn
dative	-ині́ -yní	-и́нам -ýnam
accusative	-ину́ -ynú	-и́ни -ýny
instrumental	-ино́ю -ynóju	-и́нами -ýnamy
locative	-ині́ -yní	-и́нах -ýnax
vocative	-и́но -ýno	-и́ни -ýny

Etymology 3

From -ин (-yn) +‎ -а (-a)

Suffix

-ина́ • (-yná) f (variant -їна)

female equivalent of -ин (-yn)

Declension

Declension of *-́ина*
(inan adj fem accent-a)
	singular	plural
nominative	-́ина -́yna	-́ині -́yni
genitive	-́иної -́ynoji	-́иних -́ynyx
dative	-́иній -́ynij	-́иним -́ynym
accusative	-́ину -́ynu	-́ині -́yni
instrumental	-́иною -́ynoju	-́иними -́ynymy
locative	-́иній -́ynij	-́иних -́ynyx
vocative	-́ина -́yna	-́ині -́yni