яд

See also: ад and -ад

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ja̟t]
• Homophone: ят (jat)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jadъ (“anger, hate”).

Noun

яд • (jad) m

1. anger, hate, fury, strong irritation (emotion)

   Synonyms: гняв (gnjav), я́рост (járost)

   яд ме е ― jad me e ― I am disappointed/disheartened

2. (figurative) nuisance, trouble, unfortune (something that triggers hate, irritation)

   бе́ра ядове́ ― béra jadové ― to get into trouble/to bear unfortunes

Declension

Declension of яд

	singular	plural
indefinite	яд jad	едове́ edové
definite (subject form)	едъ́т edǎ́t	едове́те edovéte
definite (object form)	еда́ edá
count form	—	я́да jáda

Derived terms

• ядо́свам impf (jadósvam), ядо́сам pf (jadósam, “to enfuriate, to enrage”)
• ядови́т (jadovít, “wrathful”)
• я́ден (jáden), ядо́сан (jadósan, “angry, enraged”)

Related terms

• о́вад (óvad, “predatory insect”) (dialectal, possibly)

References

• “яд¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “яд (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Etymology 2

From Old Church Slavonic ꙗдъ (jadŭ), reflecting Proto-Slavic *(j)ědъ (“poison”).

Noun

яд • (jad) m

1. (dated, uncountable) poison, venom

   Synonym: отро́ва (otróva)

2. (figurative) evil intent, malice, grudge

   Synonyms: жлъч (žlǎč), зло́ба (zlóba)

Declension

Declension of яд

	singular	plural
indefinite	яд jad	едове́ edové
definite (subject form)	едъ́т edǎ́t	едове́те edovéte
definite (object form)	еда́ edá
count form	—	я́да jáda

Derived terms

• ядови́т (jadovít, “poisonous”) (dated)

References

• “яд²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “яд (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• ꙗдъ in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Etymology 3

Conflation of Proto-Slavic *ědъ (“eater”), *ěda (“eating”), *ědь f (“food”) (i-stem).

Noun

яд • (jad) m

1. (in compounds) eater (one who eats)

   Synonym: я́дец (jádec)

2. (dated) eating, consumption

   Synonyms: я́дене (jádene), хра́нене (hránene)

3. (dated) food, consumable

   Synonyms: яди́во (jadívo), храна́ (hraná)

Declension

Declension of яд

	singular	plural
indefinite	яд jad	я́ди jádi
definite (subject form)	я́дът jádǎt	я́дите jádite
definite (object form)	я́да jáda
count form	—	я́да jáda

Alternative forms

• я́да f (jáda) — dialectal, in sense eating

Derived terms

• всея́ден (vsejáden, “omnivorous”)
• гъбоя́ден (gǎbojáden, “mucivorous”)
• дървоя́д (dǎrvojád, “wood-eater”) (epithet for larvae of some beetles)
• кожоя́д (kožojád, “skin beetle, dermestid”)
• короя́д (korojád, “bark-eater”) (epithet for larvae of some beetles)
• лешоя́д (lešojád, “vulture”) (bird)
• листоя́д (listojád, “leaf beetle, chrysomelid”)
• медoя́д (medojád, “honey-eater”) (epithet for bears)
• месоя́ден (mesojáden, “carnivorous”)
  • мършоя́ден (mǎršojáden, “scavanger, carcass-eating”)
  • насекомоя́ден (nasekomojáden, “insectivorous”)
• мравоя́д (mravojád, “ant-eater”) (mammal)
• плодоя́д (plodojád, “fruitcrow”) (bird)
• пчелоя́д (pčelojád, “bee-eater”) (bird)
• растителноя́ден (rastitelnojáden, “herbivorous”)
  • дървоя́ден (dǎrvojáden, “xylophagous”)
  • зърноя́ден (zǎrnojáden, “granivorous”)
  • листоя́ден (listojáden, “folivorous”)
  • нектароя́ден (nektarojáden, “nectarivorous”)
  • плодоя́ден (plodojáden, “frugivorous”)
  • тревоя́ден (trevojáden, “graminivorous”)
• рибоя́д (ribojád, “fish-eater”) (bird)
• цветоя́д (cvetojád, “flowerpecker”) (bird)
• човекоя́д (čovekojád, “man-eater, cannibal”)

Related terms

• обя́д (objád, “lunch”), о́бед (óbed, “noon time”)
• я́дба (jádba), я́деж (jádež, “eating”) (dialectal)
• я́дка (jádka, “snack”) (in compounds)
  • зая́дка (zajádka, “starter”)
  • ная́дка (najádka, “meal, feast”) (dialectal)
  • прея́дка (prejádka, “additional snack”) (dialectal)
  • разя́дка (razjádka, “appetizer, dessert”)
  • сня́дка (snjádka, “breakfast, fast food”) (dialectal)
• ядли́в (jadlív), я́дък (jádǎk, “edible”)
• я́дца (jádca, “glutton”) (dated)
• я́стие (jástie, “dish”)

References

• ꙗдь in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Lezgi

Etymology

From Proto-Lezghian *ʎ:än:.

Noun

яд • (äd)

1. Alternative form of йад (jad)

Declension

Inflection of яд (äd)
	singular	plural
absolutive	яд (äd)	ядяр (ädär)
ergative	ядди (äddi)	ядйри (ädjri)
genitive	яддин (äddin)	ядйрин (ädjrin)
dative	яддиз (äddiz)	ядйриз (ädjriz)
adessive	яддив (äddiv)	ядйрив (ädjriv)
adelative	яддивай (äddivaj)	ядйривай (ädjrivaj)
addirective	яддивди (äddivdi)	ядйривди (ädjrivdi)
postessive	яддихъ (äddiq)	ядйрихъ (ädjriq)
postelative	яддихъай (äddiqaj)	ядйрихъай (ädjriqaj)
postdirective	яддихъди (äddiqdi)	ядйрихъди (ädjriqdi)
subessive	яддик (äddik)	ядйрик (ädjrik)
subelative	яддикай (äddikaj)	ядйрикай (ädjrikaj)
subdirective	яддикди (äddikdi)	ядйрикди (ädjrikdi)
inessive	ядда (ädda)	ядйра (ädjra)
inelative	яддай (äddaj)	ядйрай (ädjraj)
superessive	яддал (äddal)	ядйрал (ädjral)
superelative	яддалай (äddalaj)	ядйралай (ädjralaj)
superdirective	яддалди (äddaldi)	ядйралди (ädjraldi)

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic ядъ (jadŭ) / ѣдъ (jědŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ědъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jat]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at

Noun

яд • (jad) m inan (genitive я́да, nominative plural я́ды, genitive plural я́дов)

1. poison, venom
   • 1999, “Я сошла́ с ума́ [Ja sošlá s umá]”, performed by t.A.T.u.:

     Э́то ме́дленный яд
     Э́то сводит с ума́
     А они́ говоря́т - винова́та сама́

     Éto médlennyj jad
     Éto svodit s umá
     A oní govorját - vinováta samá

     It's slow poison
     It's making me crazy
     And they say it's all my fault

2. (figuratively) something or someone that has a harmful effect on someone

Declension

Declension of яд (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	я́д jád	я́ды jády
genitive	я́да jáda	я́дов jádov
dative	я́ду jádu	я́дам jádam
accusative	я́д jád	я́ды jády
instrumental	я́дом jádom	я́дами jádami
prepositional	я́де jáde	я́дах jádax

Synonyms

• отра́ва (otráva)

Derived terms

• противоя́дие n (protivojádije)
• ядови́тый (jadovítyj)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: jaadu

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “яд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “яд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 466

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

• (obsolete) їд (jid)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian ꙗдъ, ѣдъ (jad, jěd), from Old East Slavic ꙗдъ, ѣдъ (jadŭ, jědŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ědъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jad]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

яд • (jad) m inan (genitive я́да, nominative plural я́ди, genitive plural я́дів)

1. (uncommon) poison

   Synonym: отру́та (otrúta)

Declension

Declension of яд
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	яд jad	я́ди jády
genitive	я́да jáda	я́дів jádiv
dative	я́дові, я́ду jádovi, jádu	я́дам jádam
accusative	яд jad	я́ди jády
instrumental	я́дом jádom	я́дами jádamy
locative	я́ді jádi	я́дах jádax
vocative	я́де jáde	я́ди jády

Derived terms

• ядови́тий (jadovýtyj)

Related terms

• їда́ f (jidá)
• ї́жа f (jíža)
• ї́сти impf (jísty)
• яду́чий (jadúčyj)
• я́сла pl (jásla)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “яд”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “яд”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “яд”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “яд”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)